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More references are listed in the “Clinical entries” of the Biomedical Database.

Scorpions of Argentinia. In Keegan, H. L., W. V. Mcfarlane: Venomous and poisonous animals and noxious plants in the Pacific region. Pergamon Press, Oxford: 111-117

1963
Abalos, J. W.

The spider genus Latrodectus in Santiago dell Estero, Argentinia. Int. Symposium on Animal Toxins, Atlantic City. Pergamon Press, Oxford: 59-74

1967
Abalos, J. W., E. C. Baez

Serpientes de Santiago del estero. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 20: 211-283

1964
Abalos, J. W., E. C. Baez, R. Nader

Tick-borne diseases (with particular reference to tick paralysis). Dis. nerv. Syst. 5: 19-21

1944
Abbott, K. H.

Pericarditis associated with scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) sting. Toxicon 19: 579-581

1981
Abdun-Nur, D., C. S. Marcus, F. E. Russell

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in children in Fez, Morocco. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 15 (2): 255-267

2009
Abourazzak, S., S. Achour, L. El Arqam, S. Atmani, S. Chaouki, I. Semlali

Serotherapy in scorpion envenomation: A randomised controlles trial. Lancet 354: 906-909

1999
Abroug, F., S. ElAtrous, S. Nouira, H. Haguiga, et al.

Cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation. Chest 100: 1057-1059

1991
Abroug, F., S. Nouira, R. Boujdaria, M. Belghith, S. Bouchoucha

Communication to the editor. Chest 102: 1308-1309

1992
Abroug, F., S. Nouira, R. Boujdaria, M. Belghith, S. Bouchoucha

A new species of Krait, Bungarus (Reptilia, Elapidae, Bungarinae) and the first record of that genus in Iran. Russian Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 21, No. 4: 243-250

2014
Abtin E., G. Nilson, A. Mobaraki, A. A. Hosseini, M. Dehgannejhad

Randomised controlled double-blind non-inferiority trial of two antivenoms for saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) envenoming in Nigeria. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 4 (7): e767

2010b
Abubakar, I. S., S. B. Abubakar, A. G. Habib, A. Nasidi, et al.

Pre-clinical and preliminary dose-finding and safety studies to identify candidate antivenoms for treatment of envenoming by saw-scaled or carpet vipers (Echis ocellatus) in northern Nigeria. Toxicon 55: 719-723

2010a
Abubakar, S. B., I. S. Abubakar, A. G. Habib, A. Nasidi et al.

Jellyfish sting resulting in severe hand ischaemia successfully treated with intra-arterial urokinase. Injury 19: 294-296

1988
Abu-Nema, T., K. Ayyash, I. K. Wafaii, J. Al-Hassan, O. Thulesius

Studies on the King cobras of Orissa, India. Snake 15: 22-31

1983
Acharjyo, L. N., T. S. N. Murthy

Viboras venenosas del Uruguay. Istituto de Investigacion de Ciencas biologicas, Montevideo.: 6

1976
Achaval, F., A. Melgarejo, M. Meneghel

Sea snake envenoming. Sth. Pacif. Underw. Med. Soc. 4: 8-12

1983
Acott, C.

Acute renal failure after envenomation by the common brown snake. Med. J. Aust. 149: 709-710

1988
Acott, C. J.

Brachial artery spasm as a result of a sting. Med. J. Aust. 140: 181-182

1984
Adiga, K. M.

Biology and distribution of ticks of medical importance. In: White, J, Meier, J, eds. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 177-190

1995
Aeschlimann, A., T. A. Freyvogel

Revalidation of Latrodectus thoracicus Nicolet, 1849 (Araneae: Theridiidae): biological and phylogenetic antecedents. Gayana 73(2): 161-171

2009
Aguilera, M. A., G. D'Elía, M.E. Casanueva

Acute anuric renal failure after pigmy rattlesnake bite. S. med. J. 84: 783-785

1991
Ahlstrom, N. G., W. Luginbuhl, C. C. Tisher

Symptom in search of a toxin: muscle spasms following bites by Old World tarantula spiders (Lampropelma nigerrimum, Pterinochilus murinus, Poecilotheria regalis) with review. Q. J. Med.102: 851-857

2009
Ahmed, N., M. Pinkham, D. A. Warrell

Corrigendum. Symptom in search of a toxin: muscle spasms following bites by Old World tarantula spiders (Lampropelma nigerrimum, Pterinochilus murinus, Poecilotheria regalis) with review. Q. J. Med. 103: 203-204

2010
Ahmed, N., M. Pinkham, D. A. Warrell

Snake bite in India. Ind. J. Med. Res. 42: 661-686

1954
Ahuja, M. L., G. Singh

A case of defibrination syndrome due to Japanese colubrid snake, yamakagashi (Rhabdophis t. tigrinus) bite, treated with antivenom. Snake 23: 36-39

1991
Akimoto, R., Y. Watanabe, A. Sakai, Y. Kawamura, Y. Sawai

Biology and distribution of social Hymenoptera. In Tu, A. T.: Handbook of natural toxins. Vol. 2. Marcel Dekker, New York: 3-47

1984
Akre, R. D., H. C. Reed

A new species of krait of the genus Bungarus (Squamata, Elapidae) from Ratchaburi Province, western Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(1): 141-154

2024
Aksornneam A, A. Rujirawan, S. Yodthong, Y-H. Sung, A. Aowphol

Epidemiology, practice, and treatment of scorpion envenomation in Mexico. J. Venom. Animals and Toxins. 5 (1) Botucatu

1999
Alagon, A., J. A. Maraboto-Martinez, A. Chavez-Haro

The scorpionic envenoming in Algeria. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., C. K. Than: Recent advances in toxinology research. National University of Singapore.: 25-31

1992
Alamir, B., R. Merad, L. Hamid-Assia, H. Ouahdi, A. Chacou

Recent cases of crab, cone shell, and fish intoxication on Southern Negros Island, Philippines. Toxicon (Suppl. 3), 1–3.

1983
Alcala, A.C.

Human fatality due to ingestion of the crab Demania reynaudii that contained a palytoxin-like toxin. Toxicon 26: 105-107

1988
Alcala, A. C., L. C. Alcala, J. S. Garth, D. Yasumura, T. Yasumoto

Atrioventricular block in a case of snakebite inflicted by Atractaspis engaddensis. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 69: 166

1975
Alkan, M. L., S. Sukenik

The quantities of venom injected into prey of different size by Vipera palaestinae in a single bite. J. Exp. Zool. 188: 71-76

1974
Allon, N., E. Kochva

A new montane rattlesnake (Viperidae) from Michoacán, Mexico. Herpetologica 60 (2): 281-286

2004
Alvarado-Diaz, J., Campbell, J.A.

Time factor in the detection of circulating whole venom and crotoxin and efficacy of antivenom therapy in patients envenomed by Crotalus durissus. Toxicon 35 (5): 699-704

1997
Amaral, C. F. S., D. Campolina, M. B. Dias, C. M. Bueno, et al.

Tourniquet ineffectiveness to reduce the severity of envenoming after Crotalus durissus snake bite in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Toxicon 36 (5): 805-808

1998
Amaral, C. F. S., D. Campolina, M. B. Dias, C. M. Bueno, N. A. Rezende

Electrocardiographic, enzymatic and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial damage after Tityus serrulatus scorpion poisoning. Amer. J. Cardiol. 67: 655-657

1991
Amaral, C. F. S., J. A. Lopes, R. A. Magalhaes, N. A. de Rezende

Acute pulmonary edema after Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting in children. Amer. J. Cardiol. 71: 242-245

1992
Amaral, C. F. S., N. A. de Rezende, L. Freire-Maia

Insuficiencia renal aguda secundaria a acidentes ofidicos bothropico e crotalico. Analise de 63 casos. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. São Paulo 28: 220-227

1986
Amaral, C. F. S., N. A. de Rezende, O. A. de Silva, M. M. F. Ribeiro, R. A. Magalhaes, R. J. dos Reis, J. G. Carneiro, J. R. S. Castro

Afibrinogenemia following snake bite (Crotalus durissus terrificus). Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 29: 1453-1455

1980
Amaral, C. F. S., O. A. da Silva, M. Lopez, E. R. P. Pedroso

Renal cortical necrosis following Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu snake bite. Toxicon 23: 877-885

1985
Amaral, C. F. S., O. A. da Silva, P. Godoy, D. Miranda

Scorpion sting in children, a review of 51 cases. Clin. Pediat. 24: 136-140

1985
Amitai, Y., Y. Mines, M. Aker, K. Goitein

Nefrose do nefron intermediario no envenamento crotalico humano. Estudo anatomo-patologico. Mem. Inst. Butantan 24: 281-316

1952
Amorim, M. F., R. F. Mello

Intermediate nephron nephrosis from snake poisoning in man. Histopathologic study. Amer. J. Pathol. 30: 479-499

1954
Amorim, M. F., R. F. Mello

Scorpions et piqures de scorpions en Jordanie. Bull. Soc. Path. Ex. 81: 369-379

1988
Amr, Z. S., K. E. Hyland, R. Kinzelbach, S. S. Amr, D. Defosse

Scorpions and scorpion sting envenoming (scorpionism) in the Arab Countries of the Middle East. Toxicon 191 (2021) 83–103

2021
Amr Z.S., M.A. Abu Baker, M. Al-Saraireh, D.A. Warrell

The Reptiles of North Eurasia. Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status [this comprises the territory of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia]. Pensoft Series Faunistica 47, 250 pp.

2006
Ananjeva, N.B., N.L. Orlo, R.G. Khalikov, I.S. Darevsky, I.S. Ryabov, A.V. Barabanov

Phylogeography of Northern Populations of the Black-Tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus Baird And Girard, 1853), With the Revalidation of C. ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Herpetological Monographs 26 (1): 19-57

2012
Anderson, C. G., E. Greenbaum

Hidden in the highs: Two new species of the enigmatic genus of toadheaded pitvipers of the genus Bothrocophias. Vertebrate Zoology 72 971–996

2022
Angarita-Sierra T, S.D. Cubides-Cubillos, J.P. Hurtado-Gómez

Complications of Echis colorata snake bites in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Ann. trop. Paediat. 13: 39-44

1993a
Annobil, S. H.

Scorpion stings in children in the Asir Province of Saudi Arabia. J. Wilderness Med. 4: 241-251

1993b
Annobil, S. H.

Intracranial haemorrhages after Nebo hierochonticus scorpion sting. Ann. trop. Paediat. 11: 377-380

1991
Annobil, S. H., M. F. Omojola, E. Vijayakumar

Neuromuscular paralysis in Vipera aspis envenomation: pathogenic mechanisms. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 54: 187

1991
Antonini, G., M. Rasura, G. Conti, C. Mattia

Hypopituitarism following envenoming by Russell's Vipers (Daboia siamensis and D. russelii) resembling Sheehan's syndrome: first case report from Sri Lanka, a review of the literature and recommendations for endocrine management. Q. J. Med. 104 (2): 97-108

2011
Antonypillai, C. N., J. A. H. Wass, D. A. Warrell, H. N. Rajaratnam

An extended description of the Pilbara Death Adder, Acanthophis wellsi Hoser (Serpentes: Elapidae), with notes on the Desert Death Adder, A. pyrrhus Boulenger, and identification of a possible hybrid zone. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19: 277-298

1999
Aplin, K.P., S.C. Donnellan

Bothrops asper venom from the Atlantic and Pacific zones of Costa Rica. Toxicon 19: 797-805

1981
Aragon, F., F. Gubensek

Acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in a young girl after a viper bite. Brit. Heart J. 47: 500-503

1982
Aravanis, C., P. J. Ioannidis, J. Ktenas

Syndromic approach to treatment of snake bite in Sri Lanka based on results of a prospective national hospital-based survey of patients envenomed by identified snakes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 81 (4): 725-731

2009
Ariaratnam, C. A., M. H. Rezvi Sheriff, C. Arambepola, R. D. G. Theakston, D. A. Warrell

Distinctive epidemiologic and clinical features of common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bites in Sri Lanka. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 79 (3): 458-462

2008
Ariaratnam, C. A., M. H. Rezvi Sheriff, R. D. G. Theakston, D. A. Warrell

A new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lanka Russel's viper (Daboia russelii russelii): A preliminary dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61 (2): 259-265

1999
Ariaratnam, C. A., W. P. Meyer, G. Perera, M. Eddleston, et al.

Case of adder-bite with thrombosis of the saphenous vein. Brit. med. J.: 1587-1588

1961
Arneil, G. C., J. C. Maclaurin

Histamine (?) toxicity from fish products. Advanc. Food Res. 24: 114-154

1978
Arnold, S. H., W. D. Brown

Fibrinolytic and procoagulant agents from a Saturnidae moth carterpillar. In Pirkle, H., F. S. Markland: Hemostasis and animal venoms. Marcel Dekker, New York: 223

1988
Arocha-Pinango, C. L., N. Blumenfeld de Bosch, A. L. Torres, J. Perales, M. E. Alonso, S. de Rodriguez, A. Z. Carvajal, A. Ojeda, M. L. Tasayco, W. Chitty

Evolutionary history and postglacial colonization of an Asian pit viper (Gloydius halys caucasicus) into transcaucasia revealed by phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. Scientific Reports 9:1224

2019
Asadi, A., C. Montgelard, M. Nazarizadeh, A. Moghaddasi, F. Fatemizadeh, E. Simonov, H. G. Kami, M. Kaboli

Effects of the toxin of red tide, Ptychodiscus brevis, on canine tracheal smooth muscle: a possible new asthma-triggering mechanism. J. Allergy clin. Immunol. 69: 418-428

1982
Asai, S., J. J. Krzanowski, W. H. Anderson, D. F. Martin, J. B. Polson, R. F. Lockey, S. C. Bukantz, A. Szentivanyi

Comparison of immunological, biochemical and biophysical properties of three hemorrhagic factors isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca). Toxicon 24: 943-946

1986
Assakura, M. T., A. P. Reichl, F. R. Mandelbaum

Necrotic arachnidism. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 7: 165-184

1958
Atkins, J. A., C. W. Wingo, W. A. Sodeman, F. E. Flynn

Clinical features of twig snake Thelotornis capensis envenomation. S. Afr. med. J. 58: 1007-1011

1980
Atkinson, P. M., B. A. Bradlow, J. A. M. White, H. B. Greig, M. C. Gaillard

Envenoming by viper bites in France: Clinical gradation and biological quantification by ELISA. Toxicon 30: 599-609

1992
Audebert, F., M. Sorkine, C. Bon

A case of sea-snake envenomation. Med. J. Aust. 143: 532

1985
Audley, I.

Hazardous aquatic live. In Auerbach, P. S., E. C. Geehr: Management of wilderness and environmental emergencies, 2nd ed. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis: 933-1028

1989
Auerbach, P. S., B. W. Halstead

Bacteriology of the marine environment: implications for clinical therapy. Ann. Emerg. Med. 16: 643-649

1987b
Auerbach, P. S., D. M. Yajko, P. S. Kizer, K. W. Nassos, J. E. McCosker, E. C. Geehr, W. K. Hadley

Analysis of vesicle fluid following the sting of the lionfish Pterois volitans. Toxicon 25: 1350-1353

1987a
Auerbach, P. S., H. E. McKinney, R. S. Rees, J. P. Heggers

Erythema nodosum following a jellyfish sting. J. Emerg. Med. 5: 487-491

1987
Auerbach, P. S., J. T. Hays

The problem of snake bite in Burma. Snake 12: 125-127

1980
Aung-Khin, M.

Venomous snakes of medical importance in Burma. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., L. M. Chou: Snakes of medical importance (Asia-pacific region). Venom and toxin research group national university of Singapore.: 211-241

1990
Aye, M. M.

Ofidismo en el Departemento del Cauca, Colombia. Epidemiologia, etiologia, clinica y complicationes. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan, Colombia, 2 (4): 21-27

2000
Ayerbe, S.

Tratamiento del ofidismo en el Departemento del Cauca, Colombia. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan, Colombia, 3 (1): 20-26

2001
Ayerbe, S.

Rattlesnake bites. Clinical features and complemantary tests. Mem. Inst. Butantan 52 (suppl.): 27-30

1990
Azevedo-Marques, M. M., P. Cupo, C. F. S. Amaral, S. E. Hering

Myonecrosis, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure induced by South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation in Brazil. Toxicon 23: 631-636

1985
Azevedo-Marques, M. M., P. Cupo, T. M. Coimbra, S. E. Hering, M. A. Rossi, C. J. Laure

Evidence that Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) envenomation in humans causes myolysis rather than hemolysis. Toxicon 25: 1163-1168

1987
Azevedo-Marques, M. M., S. E. Hering, P. Cupo