Marine environment
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Species of medical interest: Pacific area, Caribbean, Australian coasts, northeast coast of USA. Possibly other areas |
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Seaurchins and Starfishes |
Species of medical interest: Indopacific area, Red sea, Caribbean, tropical and subtropical Atlantic coasts of South America and Africa |
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Species of medical interest: from tropical to warm oceans and seas. Atlantic coast of the USA/Canada and Norway, New Zealand |
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Species of medical interest: Tropical zones of the Indopacific area, some also in subtropical and temperate zones of the Indopacific Oceans
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Species of medical interest: Blue ringed octopus in coastal waters of Australia (including Tasmania) and Southeast Asia |
Fresh water (see also catfishes and seasnakes (Hydrophis semperi and Laticauda crockeri)
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Eastern Australia, from Cooktown to Tasmania. |
Terrestrial
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Beetles that can cause skin lesions are found worldwide |
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Species with urticating hairs are distributed throughout the world from tropical to temperate zones.
Systemic envenoming, including fatal cases known from Lonomia sp. in Brazil, South America. Similarly severe cases of envenoming have been reported in Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru |
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Worldwide, from tropical to temperate zones. Main area of distribution of the potentially dangerous Scolopendridae in tropical zones. |
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Tick paralysis has been decribed in:
North America: USA and Canada Central America: Mexico Europe: England, Spain, France, Greece Africa: Algeria, Somalia, South Africa Middle East: Israel Far East: Russia Australia |
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Southwestern USA (far southwest Utah, far southern Nevada and southeast California, Arizona, far southwest New Mexico) Western and southern Mexico, Guatemala |