VAPAGuide - Flowcharts

Effects seen with multiple stings (see Diagnosis & Treatment: Hospital).

All medically relevant hymenopterans
Minutes to hours

Local pain

Local swelling, local redness with a pale centre

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, urticaria, angio-oedema, bronchospasm, arterial hypotension		Extensive swelling

		Hypovolaemia

Cardiovascular failure

Effects seen with multiple stings (see Diagnosis & Treatment: Hospital).

Emergency & clinical flowcharts