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VAPAGuide: Venomous & Poisonous Animals

Country: Iran

Distribution of Terrestrial Snakes in North Africa, Near and Middle East

Occurrences in
NW	the Northwest
N	the North
NE	the Northeast
W	the West
C	central areas
E	the East
SW	the Southwest
S	the South
SE	the Southeast
X	most areas
?	unclear

Literature on the distribution

Elapids

Bungarus spp., Kraits

Bungarus persicus

SE

Baluchistan

Naja sp., Asian cobras

Naja oxiana

NE

Various African and Arabian Elapids of minor medical importance

Walterinnesia morgani

W

Vipers

Cerastes spp., African desert horned vipers

Cerastes gasperetti

SW

Echis spp., Saw scaled vipers and Carpet vipers

Echis carinatus

X

except Northwest

Eristicophis macmahoni, McMahon's viper

Eristicophis macmahoni

E

Macrovipera spp., Large palearctic vipers

Macrovipera lebetinus	NE
Macrovipera razii	C	Kerman

Montivipera spp., Asian vipers, Mountain vipers

Montivipera kuhrangica	C	Zagros moutains
Montivipera latifi	N	Alborz Mountains
Montivipera raddei	NW
Montivipera wagneri	NW

Pseudocerastes spp., Persian horned vipers

Pseudocerastes fieldi	SW
Pseudocerastes persicus	X
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides	W

Vipera spp., European vipers

Vipera ammodytes	NW?
Vipera ebneri	N

Pit Vipers

Gloydius spp., Asian pitvipers

Gloydius caucasicus	N
Gloydius halys	N